Object Reference : Object View and Procedure Reference : Group
  
 
uroot
Carries out (panel) unit root tests on a group of series.
When used on a group of series, the procedure will perform panel unit root testing. The panel unit root tests include Levin, Lin and Chu (LLC), Breitung, Im, Pesaran, and Shin (IPS), Fisher - ADF, Fisher - PP, and Hadri tests on levels, or first or second differences.
Syntax
group_name.uroot(options)
Options
Basic Specification Options
You should specify the exogenous variables and order of dependent variable differencing in the test equation using the following options:
 
const (default)
Include a constant in the test equation.
trend
Include a constant and a linear time trend in the test equation.
none
Do not include a constant or time trend (only available for the ADF and PP tests).
dif=integer (default=0)
Order of differencing of the series prior to running the test. Valid values are {0, 1, 2}.
You may use one of the following keywords to specify the test:
 
sum (default)
Summary of the first five panel unit root tests (where applicable).
llc
Levin, Lin, and Chu.
breit
Breitung.
ips
Im, Pesaran, and Shin.
adf
Fisher - ADF.
pp
Fisher - PP.
hadri
Hadri.
Sample Option
 
balance
Use balanced (across cross-sections or series) data when performing test.
Lag Difference Options
Specifies the number of lag difference terms to be included in the test equation. Applicable in “Summary”, LLC, Breitung, IPS, and Fisher-ADF tests. The default setting depends on whether you choose to balance the samples across cross-sections.
If you do not include the “balance” option, the default is to perform automatic lag selection using the Schwarz criteria (“lagmethod=sic”).
Alternately, if you include the “balance” option, the default setting is a common, observation-based fixed lag (“lag=default”) where:
(1.1)
 
lagmethod=arg (default=“sic”)
Method for selecting lag lengths (number of first difference terms) to be included in the Dickey-Fuller test regressions:
“aic” (Akaike), “sic” (Schwarz), “hqc” (Hannan-Quinn), “tstat” (Ng-Perron first backward significant t-statistic).
lag=arg
Specified lag length (number of first difference terms) to be included in the regression: integer (user-specified common lag length), vector_name (user-specific individual lag length, one row per cross-section).
maxlag=arg
Maximum lag length to consider when performing automatic lag length selection: integer (common maximum lag length), or vector_name (individual maximum lag length, one row per cross-section). The default setting produces individual maximum lags of,
default=
where is the length of the cross-section.
lagpval=arg (default=0.1)
Probability value for use in the t-statistic automatic lag selection method (when “lagmethod = tstat”).
Kernel Options
Specifies options for computing kernel estimates of the zero-frequency spectrum (long-run covariance). Applicable to “Summary”, LLC, Fisher-PP, and Hadri tests.
 
hac=arg (default=“bt”)
Method of estimating the frequency zero spectrum: “bt” (Bartlett kernel), “pr” (Parzen kernel), “qs” (Quadratic Spectral kernel),
band = arg, b=arg (default=“nw”)
Method of selecting the bandwidth: “nw” (Newey-West automatic variable bandwidth selection), “a” (Andrews automatic selection), number (user-specified common bandwidth), vector_name (user-specified individual bandwidths, one row for each cross-section).
 
Other options
 
prompt
Force the dialog to appear from within a program.
p
Print output from the test.
Examples
The command:
Grp1.uroot(llc,exog=trend)
performs the LLC panel unit root test with exogenous individual trends and individual effects on series in GRP1.
Grp2.uroot(is,exog=const,maxlag=4,lagmethod=AIC)
performs the IPS panel unit root test on series in group GP2. The test includes individual effects, lag will be chosen by AIC from maximum lag of three.
Grp3.uroot(sum,exog=const,lag=3,hac=pr,b=2.3)
performs a summary of the panel unit root tests on the series in group GP3. The test equation includes a constant term and three lagged first-difference terms. The frequency zero spectrum is estimated using kernel methods (with a Parzen kernel), and a bandwidth of 2.3.
Cross-references
See “Unit Root Testing” for discussion of standard unit root tests performed on a single series, and “Cross-sectionally Independent Panel Unit Root Testing” and “Cross-sectionally Dependent Panel Unit Root Tests” for discussion of unit roots tests performed on panel structured workfiles, groups of series, or pooled data.
See also Group::uroot2, Series::uroot, Series::uroot2, Pool::uroot, Pool::uroot2.